Published in 1632, Galileo’s Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems was a landmark in both science and censorship. Written in Italian for a broad audience, the book presented a fictional dialogue comparing the Copernican (heliocentric) and Ptolemaic (geocentric) models of the universe. Though framed as neutral, Galileo’s sharp wit and persuasive reasoning clearly favored the Copernican view. The book’s impact was explosive—it directly challenged Church doctrine and led to Galileo’s infa