The first-generation integrator-hysteresis-switch FGs were replaced by a second-generation design scheme using current sources. The integrator-based FG loop can be improved by driving the integrating ...

Andy recommends favorite resources for basic op amp circuits and includes a portion of TI's AN-20. Test your knowledge with our op amp quiz; answer explanations are included. By 1969, a fledgling ...

Operational amplifiers (commonly called op amps) are a ubiquitous building block for designing electronic circuits. Today, these devices are fabricated as small integrated circuits, but the concept ...

Commercial curve tracers have existed for decades. But designers without access to one can create a simple circuit that uses a function generator and oscilloscope to generate JFET transfer and ...