“There are known knowns. There are known unknowns. But there are also unknown unknowns—things we do not yet realize we do not know.”—Donald Rumsfeld (2002) While modern machine learning (ML) ...

Abstract: In this paper, lower bounds on error probability in coding for discrete classical and classical-quantum channels are studied. The contribution of the paper ...

Classical conditioning, also called Pavlovian conditioning or respondent conditioning, is learning through association. This behavioral learning method was first studied in the late 19th century by ...

John Banther takes classical music fans behind the scenes with interviews, deep dives, and analysis. Episodes released bi-weekly on Tuesdays. Produced by WETA Classical in Washington, D.C. October 21, ...

Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Thomas J Catalano is a CFP and Registered ...

Luby Transform (LT) codes play an important role in both data transmission and storage, but it is still a challenging problem that how to analyze their performance due to the degree distributions. In ...

Classical real-valued probabilities come at a philosophical cost: in many infinite situations, they assign the same probability value—namely, zero—to cases that are impossible as well as to cases that ...

Human behaviour is an enigma that fascinates many scientists. And there has been much discussion over the role of probability in explaining how our minds work.Probability is a mathematical framework d ...

When you hear the term “classical music,” do you think of an inoffensive, easy-listening radio background or visceral passions resonating with your soul? Do you associate practicing the piano with ...