Figure 1 shows that individual measurement values hover around a mean value and the difference between the mean value and true value is the systematic error of ...

All measurements are subject to error. When a reportable value is derived from a measurement or series of measurements, this value is only an estimate of the “true ...

Data that are collected for the production of official statistics or, more generally, for statistical analyses nearly always contain measurement errors. National statistical institutes, other ...

Given the potentially strong, adverse effects of measurement error and the possibility of minimizing these using Hidden Markov models (HMMs), the aim of this thesis ...

Very often, in the test and measurement industry, a measurement is made by instrumentation, which is often subject to errors. It is difficult to estimate the true value of the measured quantity given ...

Particle analysis is a crucial step in the quality control of bulk materials and is performed in laboratories worldwide. The methods used have usually been established for years and are rarely ...

It supports the two-point calibration practice to minimize errors, particularly at lower concentrations, and recommends measures such as improved aerosol systems and automation to enhance calibration ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. Monitoring the current consumed in electronic systems has become critical as more functionality packs into tighter ...