Because digital systems often have only a single-polarity power supply, a common problem becomes translating an opposite-polarity pulse train into a positive-or negative-pulse output. Here are some ...

A comparator is an electronic component that outputs different voltage results at the output by comparing the magnitude of the current or voltage at the two inputs. This article describes the ...

In previous articles—Common op-amp circuits, Op amps do integration, and The practical op-amp differentiator is quite versatile—we looked at some classic op amp circuits. These circuits used negative ...

Editor’s note: PhD candidate, Seyyed Hossein Pishgar approached me with this paper, which I believe has some unique and creative circuitry and architectures. I have ...

A simple to use window comparator can make short work of integrator, antiwindup, and reset circuits. Control systems that incorporate an integrator stage need some form of integrator reset or ...