In a computer, the entire memory can be separated into different levels based on access time and capacity. Figure 1 shows different levels in the memory hierarchy. Smaller and faster memories are kept ...

In the early days of computing, everything ran quite a bit slower than what we see today. This was not only because the computers' central processing units – CPUs – were slow, but also because ...

In the eighties, computer processors became faster and faster, while memory access times stagnated and hindered additional performance increases. Something had to be done to speed up memory access and ...