We normally associate high testosterone levels with male dominance and aggression. Among ruffs – a shore bird that breeds across Europe and Asia – some males suffer from too much of it. Together with ...

A single gene that regulates testosterone levels in a “crazy” species of shore bird controls the development of three wildly different types of males, an international study involving researchers at ...

There are three morphs in ruffs that differ in their appearance and mating behavior. Males of the aggressive Independents (left) have more testosterone in their blood than the other two morphs (a male ...

A single gene that regulates testosterone levels in a 'crazy' species of shore bird controls the development of three wildly different types of males, a new study has found. Ruffs have long fascinated ...