One of the easiest ways to understand what is meant by ‘object oriented’, is to define what it is not. Before Object Oriented Programming (OOP) programs were written an imperative way, essentially a ...

It is extremely challenging, yet critically desirable to convert 2D plastic films into 3D structures without any assisting equipment. Taking the advantage of solvent-induced bond-exchange reaction and ...

Computer programs can use data, evaluate if-then conditions on the data and use extremely fast iterative loops to perform these functions. In software programs, these functions get organized into ...

Separating interface from implementation has many practical benefits. Here’s a simple way to do just that, in ANSI-standard C code. How do you organize medium-sized or larger C programs? Few C ...

Many problems in mathematical sciences are ‘easy to evaluate’, despite being typically ‘hard to solve’. For example, in computer science, NP-complete optimization problems admit a polynomial-time ...