Over the years, control relays of various types have been used by the hundreds — even thousands — to control nearly every function in commercial and industrial processes. Today, many of those ...

In the last Mempool article, I went over the different kinds of relay policy filters, why they exist, and the incentives that ultimately decide how effective each class of filter is at preventing the ...

This chapter covers representative general-purpose relays used in the control circuits of most industrial, commercial, and consumer products. Relay names and terminology are in accordance with ...

GOOSE Messaging (Generic Object-Oriented Substation Events) is the most used aspect of 61850. Replace copper wires with digital one, turn that Lock Out Relay (LOR) into a latch bit in a relay and send ...

It is very easy to build an “SMS-controlled relay” with the help of a cheap GSM modem module and a small microcontroller board. Here, I’m using the SIM800L and Arduino Nano V3 to develop a nifty ...

A look at the transaction propagation dynamics introduced when nodes on the public relay network implement different filter policy. In the last Mempool article, I went over the different kinds of ...