At the heart of a clocking device is the phased-locked loop (PLL). A key part of the PLL is the loop filter, which converts correction currents from the PLL charge pump into a control voltage for the ...

This application note discusses phase frequency detector characteristics that affect phase-locked loop (PLL) dead band and jitter performance. In PLLs that employ charge pump loop filter designs the ...

One of the most challenging tasks in analog circuit design is to adapt a functional block to ever new CMOS process technology. For digital circuits the number of gates per square mm approx. doubles ...

Clock signals provide reference timing to every integrated circuit and electrical system. Consumer applications typically use simple quartz crystals for reference clock generation. Other applications, ...

Fractional-N PLLs are a useful class of PLLs and not well understood. This paper explains in simple terms how these differ from a regular integer PLL. Common applications are listed along with a brief ...

The performance of analogue phase-locked loops (PLLs) has steadily improved with operating frequencies extending to 8GHz and beyond. Recently, digital PLLs based on direct digital synthesis (DDS) have ...

This is Part 2 of a three-part series. As discussed in Part 1 and recapped here, modern wireless communications systems (mainly superheterodyne radio transceivers) are now required to deliver higher ...