Extracellular signals are relayed to the cell’s interior by second messengers such as cyclic AMP (cAMP), which was once thought to diffuse freely throughout the cytoplasm. Yet cAMP has also become ...

Few would deny the classic beauty of a grayscale (black and white) photo. Many ordinary pictures can be rendered more elegant simply by removing their colors, but none more so than portraits. Amidst ...

Sitting quietly in the Tools panel of the popular image editors Adobe Photoshop, Photoshop Elements, and Pixelmator, is the Gradient tool, a wonderfully useful painting tool that lets you create a ...