A new study from Northwestern University is reshaping how scientists think about brain evolution. The research suggests that ...

Researchers uncover evidence that the gut microbiome and brain connection can influence brain gene expression and neural ...

Synaptic plasticity allows brains to learn, adapt, and rewire. It’s foundational to memory, problem-solving, and complex ...

New research shows gut bacteria can directly influence how the brain develops and functions. When scientists transferred ...

This has been quite the wild year in human evolution stories. Our relatives, living and extinct, got a lot of attention—from ...

Modern humans, Neanderthals, and other recent relatives on our human family tree evolved bigger brains much more rapidly than earlier species, a new study of human brain evolution has found. The study ...

A groundbreaking new study reveals that changes to the gut microbiome can change the way the brain works. Humans have the largest relative brain size of any primate, but little is known about how ...

Could our gut hold the key to human intelligence? New research shows gut microbes can shape brain development, boost energy ...

A groundbreaking international study changes the view that exposure to the toxic metal lead is largely a post-industrial phenomenon. The research reveals that our human ancestors were periodically ...

"Consciousness," although challenging to define, can be thought of as a first-person awareness of one's surroundings and oneself. You sense the world through your eyes, nose, ears and hands, and track ...

Prologue -- The structure of this book -- Six paradigms -- 1. Introduction -- Some premises -- Some history -- Evolution and modification of behavior -- Evolution of ontogeny in the human animal -- ...