At each sampling time instant, one observes system output and action to form discrete-time rewards. The sampled input-output data are collected along the trajectory of the dynamical system in ...

Digital Signal Processing (DSP) was, a few decades ago, a relatively obscure field associated with the mathematics of numerical analysis. As computers have become cheaper and faster, it is now ...

Discrete Event Systems (DES) constitute a class of dynamic systems characterised by state transitions that occur at discrete points in time, triggered by instantaneous events. Supervisory Control ...

Few topics in electrical engineering have demanded as much attention over the years as the phase-locked loop (PLL). The PLL is arguably one of the most important building blocks necessary for modern ...

Provides results where industrial robots have been used successfully to polish difficult surfaces Presents the latest technology in the field Contains key technology such as customized several ...