Need to switch something on or off using a microcontroller? Using a transistor is one of the best ways to do this, but how exactly do you design properly for transistor switching? [Ben Krasnow] put ...

Ever found yourself tangled in a mess of wires and components, struggling to create a clear and intuitive wiring diagram? If so, you’re not alone. Many electronics enthusiasts face this challenge, ...

A circuit always has a battery (cell) but it can also contain other electrical components, such as bulbs, buzzers and motors. When drawing circuit diagrams, rather than drawing detailed components, we ...

For electricity to flow, everything needs to be connected in a big ring. It’s called a circuit. For example, the lights in most houses and flats are part of a circuit controlled by the consumer unit, ...

Here is a great collection of touch switch circuits. A touch switch is an electronic device that enables us to control a circuit by simply touching a sensor. Simple touch switch circuit with 4011 – ...

Electrical ladder drawings are still one of the common and reliable tools used to troubleshoot equipment when it fails. As with any good troubleshooting tool, one must be familiar with its basic ...

Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...